Friday, September 30, 2011

Illocution and Perlocution

One is shy contending with giants but I have a complication--perhaps only a confusion--to propose against Austin's categorization of locutionary, illocuationary, and perlocutionary acts. Austin writes

Speaking of the "use of 'language' for arguing or warning" looks just like speaking of 'the use of 'language' for persuading, rousing, alarming"; yet the former may, for rough contrast, be said to be conventional, in the sense that at least it could be made explicit by the performative formula; but the latter could not.

Austin imagines the hierarchy of speech acts progressing from locution to illocution on to perlocution. In moving from locution to illocution, the language's phatic form becomes inessentialized amid its practical demands and functions. In moving from illocution to perlocution, the supposedly objective performance becomes inessentialized in favor of the affective effects (pardon that maladroit language) the locution has produced. The point is that the illocution cannot but be a reimagination of the perlocution by the listener who attempts to subtract himself from the scene. There is, of course, no speech to speak of but what is heard, and a listener does not merely hear but distorts interpretatively. Locution, illocution, and perlocution tangle for the listener with the stress of adjudications he cannot check, of those verdicts he fails, second by second, to withhold.

Is it not the case, then, that we formulate illocutions by means only of perlocutionary effects? That is, don't we first notice ourselves persuaded, roused, or alarmed, then diagnose the illocution saying, "she argues this," or "she provokes thusly," or "she warns this"? The illocution is conceived as an impression produced by the locution and hence is itself a perlocution.

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